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# Library to extract EXIF information in digital camera image files
#
# Contains code from "exifdump.py" originally written by Thierry Bousch
# <bousch@topo.math.u-psud.fr> and released into the public domain.
#
# Updated and turned into general-purpose library by Gene Cash
# <email gcash at cfl.rr.com>
#
# This copyright license is intended to be similar to the FreeBSD license.
#
# Copyright 2002 Gene Cash All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
# met:
#
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
# documentation and/or other materials provided with the
# distribution.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY GENE CASH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
# OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
# ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
# OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
# HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
# STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
# ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
# This means you may do anything you want with this code, except claim you
# wrote it. Also, if it breaks you get to keep both pieces.
#
# 21-AUG-99 TB Last update by Thierry Bousch to his code.
# 17-JAN-02 CEC Discovered code on web.
# Commented everything.
# Made small code improvements.
# Reformatted for readability.
# 19-JAN-02 CEC Added ability to read TIFFs and JFIF-format JPEGs.
# Added ability to extract JPEG formatted thumbnail.
# Added ability to read GPS IFD (not tested).
# Converted IFD data structure to dictionaries indexed by
# tag name.
# Factored into library returning dictionary of IFDs plus
# thumbnail, if any.
# 20-JAN-02 CEC Added MakerNote processing logic.
# Added Olympus MakerNote.
# Converted data structure to single-level dictionary, avoiding
# tag name collisions by prefixing with IFD name. This makes
# it much easier to use.
# 23-JAN-02 CEC Trimmed nulls from end of string values.
# 25-JAN-02 CEC Discovered JPEG thumbnail in Olympus TIFF MakerNote.
# 26-JAN-02 CEC Added ability to extract TIFF thumbnails.
# Added Nikon, Fujifilm, Casio MakerNotes.
# 30-NOV-03 CEC Fixed problem with canon_decode_tag() not creating an
# IFD_Tag() object.
# 15-FEB-04 CEC Finally fixed bit shift warning by converting Y to 0L.
#
# To do:
# * Better printing of ratios
# field type descriptions as (length, abbreviation, full name) tuples
FIELD_TYPES=(
(0, 'X', 'Proprietary'), # no such type
(1, 'B', 'Byte'),
(1, 'A', 'ASCII'),
(2, 'S', 'Short'),
(4, 'L', 'Long'),
(8, 'R', 'Ratio'),
(1, 'SB', 'Signed Byte'),
(1, 'U', 'Undefined'),
(2, 'SS', 'Signed Short'),
(4, 'SL', 'Signed Long'),
(8, 'SR', 'Signed Ratio')
)
# dictionary of main EXIF tag names
# first element of tuple is tag name, optional second element is
# another dictionary giving names to values
EXIF_TAGS={
0x0100: ('ImageWidth', ),
0x0101: ('ImageLength', ),
0x0102: ('BitsPerSample', ),
0x0103: ('Compression',
{1: 'Uncompressed TIFF',
6: 'JPEG Compressed'}),
0x0106: ('PhotometricInterpretation', ),
0x010A: ('FillOrder', ),
0x010D: ('DocumentName', ),
0x010E: ('ImageDescription', ),
0x010F: ('Make', ),
0x0110: ('Model', ),
0x0111: ('StripOffsets', ),
0x0112: ('Orientation', ),
0x0115: ('SamplesPerPixel', ),
0x0116: ('RowsPerStrip', ),
0x0117: ('StripByteCounts', ),
0x011A: ('XResolution', ),
0x011B: ('YResolution', ),
0x011C: ('PlanarConfiguration', ),
0x0128: ('ResolutionUnit',
{1: 'Not Absolute',
2: 'Pixels/Inch',
3: 'Pixels/Centimeter'}),
0x012D: ('TransferFunction', ),
0x0131: ('Software', ),
0x0132: ('DateTime', ),
0x013B: ('Artist', ),
0x013E: ('WhitePoint', ),
0x013F: ('PrimaryChromaticities', ),
0x0156: ('TransferRange', ),
0x0200: ('JPEGProc', ),
0x0201: ('JPEGInterchangeFormat', ),
0x0202: ('JPEGInterchangeFormatLength', ),
0x0211: ('YCbCrCoefficients', ),
0x0212: ('YCbCrSubSampling', ),
0x0213: ('YCbCrPositioning', ),
0x0214: ('ReferenceBlackWhite', ),
0x828D: ('CFARepeatPatternDim', ),
0x828E: ('CFAPattern', ),
0x828F: ('BatteryLevel', ),
0x8298: ('Copyright', ),
0x829A: ('ExposureTime', ),
0x829D: ('FNumber', ),
0x83BB: ('IPTC/NAA', ),
0x8769: ('ExifOffset', ),
0x8773: ('InterColorProfile', ),
0x8822: ('ExposureProgram',
{0: 'Unidentified',
1: 'Manual',
2: 'Program Normal',
3: 'Aperture Priority',
4: 'Shutter Priority',
5: 'Program Creative',
6: 'Program Action',
7: 'Portrait Mode',
8: 'Landscape Mode'}),
0x8824: ('SpectralSensitivity', ),
0x8825: ('GPSInfo', ),
0x8827: ('ISOSpeedRatings', ),
0x8828: ('OECF', ),
# print as string
0x9000: ('ExifVersion', lambda x: ''.join(map(chr, x))),
0x9003: ('DateTimeOriginal', ),
0x9004: ('DateTimeDigitized', ),
0x9101: ('ComponentsConfiguration',
{0: '',
1: 'Y',
2: 'Cb',
3: 'Cr',
4: 'Red',
5: 'Green',
6: 'Blue'}),
0x9102: ('CompressedBitsPerPixel', ),
0x9201: ('ShutterSpeedValue', ),
0x9202: ('ApertureValue', ),
0x9203: ('BrightnessValue', ),
0x9204: ('ExposureBiasValue', ),
0x9205: ('MaxApertureValue', ),
0x9206: ('SubjectDistance', ),
0x9207: ('MeteringMode',
{0: 'Unidentified',
1: 'Average',
2: 'CenterWeightedAverage',
3: 'Spot',
4: 'MultiSpot'}),
0x9208: ('LightSource',
{0: 'Unknown',
1: 'Daylight',
2: 'Fluorescent',
3: 'Tungsten',
10: 'Flash',
17: 'Standard Light A',
18: 'Standard Light B',
19: 'Standard Light C',
20: 'D55',
21: 'D65',
22: 'D75',
255: 'Other'}),
0x9209: ('Flash', {0: 'No',
1: 'Fired',
5: 'Fired (?)', # no return sensed
7: 'Fired (!)', # return sensed
9: 'Fill Fired',
13: 'Fill Fired (?)',
15: 'Fill Fired (!)',
16: 'Off',
24: 'Auto Off',
25: 'Auto Fired',
29: 'Auto Fired (?)',
31: 'Auto Fired (!)',
32: 'Not Available'}),
0x920A: ('FocalLength', ),
0x927C: ('MakerNote', ),
# print as string
0x9286: ('UserComment', lambda x: ''.join(map(chr, x))),
0x9290: ('SubSecTime', ),
0x9291: ('SubSecTimeOriginal', ),
0x9292: ('SubSecTimeDigitized', ),
# print as string
0xA000: ('FlashPixVersion', lambda x: ''.join(map(chr, x))),
0xA001: ('ColorSpace', ),
0xA002: ('ExifImageWidth', ),
0xA003: ('ExifImageLength', ),
0xA005: ('InteroperabilityOffset', ),
0xA20B: ('FlashEnergy', ), # 0x920B in TIFF/EP
0xA20C: ('SpatialFrequencyResponse', ), # 0x920C - -
0xA20E: ('FocalPlaneXResolution', ), # 0x920E - -
0xA20F: ('FocalPlaneYResolution', ), # 0x920F - -
0xA210: ('FocalPlaneResolutionUnit', ), # 0x9210 - -
0xA214: ('SubjectLocation', ), # 0x9214 - -
0xA215: ('ExposureIndex', ), # 0x9215 - -
0xA217: ('SensingMethod', ), # 0x9217 - -
0xA300: ('FileSource',
{3: 'Digital Camera'}),
0xA301: ('SceneType',
{1: 'Directly Photographed'}),
}
# interoperability tags
INTR_TAGS={
0x0001: ('InteroperabilityIndex', ),
0x0002: ('InteroperabilityVersion', ),
0x1000: ('RelatedImageFileFormat', ),
0x1001: ('RelatedImageWidth', ),
0x1002: ('RelatedImageLength', ),
}
# GPS tags (not used yet, haven't seen camera with GPS)
GPS_TAGS={
0x0000: ('GPSVersionID', ),
0x0001: ('GPSLatitudeRef', ),
0x0002: ('GPSLatitude', ),
0x0003: ('GPSLongitudeRef', ),
0x0004: ('GPSLongitude', ),
0x0005: ('GPSAltitudeRef', ),
0x0006: ('GPSAltitude', ),
0x0007: ('GPSTimeStamp', ),
0x0008: ('GPSSatellites', ),
0x0009: ('GPSStatus', ),
0x000A: ('GPSMeasureMode', ),
0x000B: ('GPSDOP', ),
0x000C: ('GPSSpeedRef', ),
0x000D: ('GPSSpeed', ),
0x000E: ('GPSTrackRef', ),
0x000F: ('GPSTrack', ),
0x0010: ('GPSImgDirectionRef', ),
0x0011: ('GPSImgDirection', ),
0x0012: ('GPSMapDatum', ),
0x0013: ('GPSDestLatitudeRef', ),
0x0014: ('GPSDestLatitude', ),
0x0015: ('GPSDestLongitudeRef', ),
0x0016: ('GPSDestLongitude', ),
0x0017: ('GPSDestBearingRef', ),
0x0018: ('GPSDestBearing', ),
0x0019: ('GPSDestDistanceRef', ),
0x001A: ('GPSDestDistance', )
}
# Nikon E99x MakerNote Tags
# http://members.tripod.com/~tawba/990exif.htm
MAKERNOTE_NIKON_NEWER_TAGS={
0x0002: ('ISOSetting', ),
0x0003: ('ColorMode', ),
0x0004: ('Quality', ),
0x0005: ('Whitebalance', ),
0x0006: ('ImageSharpening', ),
0x0007: ('FocusMode', ),
0x0008: ('FlashSetting', ),
0x000F: ('ISOSelection', ),
0x0080: ('ImageAdjustment', ),
0x0082: ('AuxiliaryLens', ),
0x0085: ('ManualFocusDistance', ),
0x0086: ('DigitalZoomFactor', ),
0x0088: ('AFFocusPosition',
{0x0000: 'Center',
0x0100: 'Top',
0x0200: 'Bottom',
0x0300: 'Left',
0x0400: 'Right'}),
0x0094: ('Saturation',
{-3: 'B&W',
-2: '-2',
-1: '-1',
0: '0',
1: '1',
2: '2'}),
0x0095: ('NoiseReduction', ),
0x0010: ('DataDump', )
}
MAKERNOTE_NIKON_OLDER_TAGS={
0x0003: ('Quality',
{1: 'VGA Basic',
2: 'VGA Normal',
3: 'VGA Fine',
4: 'SXGA Basic',
5: 'SXGA Normal',
6: 'SXGA Fine'}),
0x0004: ('ColorMode',
{1: 'Color',
2: 'Monochrome'}),
0x0005: ('ImageAdjustment',
{0: 'Normal',
1: 'Bright+',
2: 'Bright-',
3: 'Contrast+',
4: 'Contrast-'}),
0x0006: ('CCDSpeed',
{0: 'ISO 80',
2: 'ISO 160',
4: 'ISO 320',
5: 'ISO 100'}),
0x0007: ('WhiteBalance',
{0: 'Auto',
1: 'Preset',
2: 'Daylight',
3: 'Incandescent',
4: 'Fluorescent',
5: 'Cloudy',
6: 'Speed Light'})
}
# decode Olympus SpecialMode tag in MakerNote
def olympus_special_mode(v):
a={
0: 'Normal',
1: 'Unknown',
2: 'Fast',
3: 'Panorama'}
b={
0: 'Non-panoramic',
1: 'Left to right',
2: 'Right to left',
3: 'Bottom to top',
4: 'Top to bottom'}
return '%s - sequence %d - %s' % (a[v[0]], v[1], b[v[2]])
MAKERNOTE_OLYMPUS_TAGS={
# ah HAH! those sneeeeeaky bastids! this is how they get past the fact
# that a JPEG thumbnail is not allowed in an uncompressed TIFF file
0x0100: ('JPEGThumbnail', ),
0x0200: ('SpecialMode', olympus_special_mode),
0x0201: ('JPEGQual',
{1: 'SQ',
2: 'HQ',
3: 'SHQ'}),
0x0202: ('Macro',
{0: 'Normal',
1: 'Macro'}),
0x0204: ('DigitalZoom', ),
0x0207: ('SoftwareRelease', ),
0x0208: ('PictureInfo', ),
# print as string
0x0209: ('CameraID', lambda x: ''.join(map(chr, x))),
0x0F00: ('DataDump', )
}
MAKERNOTE_CASIO_TAGS={
0x0001: ('RecordingMode',
{1: 'Single Shutter',
2: 'Panorama',
3: 'Night Scene',
4: 'Portrait',
5: 'Landscape'}),
0x0002: ('Quality',
{1: 'Economy',
2: 'Normal',
3: 'Fine'}),
0x0003: ('FocusingMode',
{2: 'Macro',
3: 'Auto Focus',
4: 'Manual Focus',
5: 'Infinity'}),
0x0004: ('FlashMode',
{1: 'Auto',
2: 'On',
3: 'Off',
4: 'Red Eye Reduction'}),
0x0005: ('FlashIntensity',
{11: 'Weak',
13: 'Normal',
15: 'Strong'}),
0x0006: ('Object Distance', ),
0x0007: ('WhiteBalance',
{1: 'Auto',
2: 'Tungsten',
3: 'Daylight',
4: 'Fluorescent',
5: 'Shade',
129: 'Manual'}),
0x000B: ('Sharpness',
{0: 'Normal',
1: 'Soft',
2: 'Hard'}),
0x000C: ('Contrast',
{0: 'Normal',
1: 'Low',
2: 'High'}),
0x000D: ('Saturation',
{0: 'Normal',
1: 'Low',
2: 'High'}),
0x0014: ('CCDSpeed',
{64: 'Normal',
80: 'Normal',
100: 'High',
125: '+1.0',
244: '+3.0',
250: '+2.0',})
}
MAKERNOTE_FUJIFILM_TAGS={
0x0000: ('NoteVersion', lambda x: ''.join(map(chr, x))),
0x1000: ('Quality', ),
0x1001: ('Sharpness',
{1: 'Soft',
2: 'Soft',
3: 'Normal',
4: 'Hard',
5: 'Hard'}),
0x1002: ('WhiteBalance',
{0: 'Auto',
256: 'Daylight',
512: 'Cloudy',
768: 'DaylightColor-Fluorescent',
769: 'DaywhiteColor-Fluorescent',
770: 'White-Fluorescent',
1024: 'Incandescent',
3840: 'Custom'}),
0x1003: ('Color',
{0: 'Normal',
256: 'High',
512: 'Low'}),
0x1004: ('Tone',
{0: 'Normal',
256: 'High',
512: 'Low'}),
0x1010: ('FlashMode',
{0: 'Auto',
1: 'On',
2: 'Off',
3: 'Red Eye Reduction'}),
0x1011: ('FlashStrength', ),
0x1020: ('Macro',
{0: 'Off',
1: 'On'}),
0x1021: ('FocusMode',
{0: 'Auto',
1: 'Manual'}),
0x1030: ('SlowSync',
{0: 'Off',
1: 'On'}),
0x1031: ('PictureMode',
{0: 'Auto',
1: 'Portrait',
2: 'Landscape',
4: 'Sports',
5: 'Night',
6: 'Program AE',
256: 'Aperture Priority AE',
512: 'Shutter Priority AE',
768: 'Manual Exposure'}),
0x1100: ('MotorOrBracket',
{0: 'Off',
1: 'On'}),
0x1300: ('BlurWarning',
{0: 'Off',
1: 'On'}),
0x1301: ('FocusWarning',
{0: 'Off',
1: 'On'}),
0x1302: ('AEWarning',
{0: 'Off',
1: 'On'})
}
MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAGS={
0x0006: ('ImageType', ),
0x0007: ('FirmwareVersion', ),
0x0008: ('ImageNumber', ),
0x0009: ('OwnerName', )
}
# see http://www.burren.cx/david/canon.html by David Burren
# this is in element offset, name, optional value dictionary format
MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAG_0x001={
1: ('Macromode',
{1: 'Macro',
2: 'Normal'}),
2: ('SelfTimer', ),
3: ('Quality',
{2: 'Normal',
3: 'Fine',
5: 'Superfine'}),
4: ('FlashMode',
{0: 'Flash Not Fired',
1: 'Auto',
2: 'On',
3: 'Red-Eye Reduction',
4: 'Slow Synchro',
5: 'Auto + Red-Eye Reduction',
6: 'On + Red-Eye Reduction',
16: 'external flash'}),
5: ('ContinuousDriveMode',
{0: 'Single Or Timer',
1: 'Continuous'}),
7: ('FocusMode',
{0: 'One-Shot',
1: 'AI Servo',
2: 'AI Focus',
3: 'MF',
4: 'Single',
5: 'Continuous',
6: 'MF'}),
10: ('ImageSize',
{0: 'Large',
1: 'Medium',
2: 'Small'}),
11: ('EasyShootingMode',
{0: 'Full Auto',
1: 'Manual',
2: 'Landscape',
3: 'Fast Shutter',
4: 'Slow Shutter',
5: 'Night',
6: 'B&W',
7: 'Sepia',
8: 'Portrait',
9: 'Sports',
10: 'Macro/Close-Up',
11: 'Pan Focus'}),
12: ('DigitalZoom',
{0: 'None',
1: '2x',
2: '4x'}),
13: ('Contrast',
{0xFFFF: 'Low',
0: 'Normal',
1: 'High'}),
14: ('Saturation',
{0xFFFF: 'Low',
0: 'Normal',
1: 'High'}),
15: ('Sharpness',
{0xFFFF: 'Low',
0: 'Normal',
1: 'High'}),
16: ('ISO',
{0: 'See ISOSpeedRatings Tag',
15: 'Auto',
16: '50',
17: '100',
18: '200',
19: '400'}),
17: ('MeteringMode',
{3: 'Evaluative',
4: 'Partial',
5: 'Center-weighted'}),
18: ('FocusType',
{0: 'Manual',
1: 'Auto',
3: 'Close-Up (Macro)',
8: 'Locked (Pan Mode)'}),
19: ('AFPointSelected',
{0x3000: 'None (MF)',
0x3001: 'Auto-Selected',
0x3002: 'Right',
0x3003: 'Center',
0x3004: 'Left'}),
20: ('ExposureMode',
{0: 'Easy Shooting',
1: 'Program',
2: 'Tv-priority',
3: 'Av-priority',
4: 'Manual',
5: 'A-DEP'}),
23: ('LongFocalLengthOfLensInFocalUnits', ),
24: ('ShortFocalLengthOfLensInFocalUnits', ),
25: ('FocalUnitsPerMM', ),
28: ('FlashActivity',
{0: 'Did Not Fire',
1: 'Fired'}),
29: ('FlashDetails',
{14: 'External E-TTL',
13: 'Internal Flash',
11: 'FP Sync Used',
7: '2nd("Rear")-Curtain Sync Used',
4: 'FP Sync Enabled'}),
32: ('FocusMode',
{0: 'Single',
1: 'Continuous'})
}
MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAG_0x004={
7: ('WhiteBalance',
{0: 'Auto',
1: 'Sunny',
2: 'Cloudy',
3: 'Tungsten',
4: 'Fluorescent',
5: 'Flash',
6: 'Custom'}),
9: ('SequenceNumber', ),
14: ('AFPointUsed', ),
15: ('FlashBias',
{0XFFC0: '-2 EV',
0XFFCC: '-1.67 EV',
0XFFD0: '-1.50 EV',
0XFFD4: '-1.33 EV',
0XFFE0: '-1 EV',
0XFFEC: '-0.67 EV',
0XFFF0: '-0.50 EV',
0XFFF4: '-0.33 EV',
0X0000: '0 EV',
0X000C: '0.33 EV',
0X0010: '0.50 EV',
0X0014: '0.67 EV',
0X0020: '1 EV',
0X002C: '1.33 EV',
0X0030: '1.50 EV',
0X0034: '1.67 EV',
0X0040: '2 EV'}),
19: ('SubjectDistance', )
}
# extract multibyte integer in Motorola format (little endian)
def s2n_motorola(str):
x=0
for c in str:
x=(x << 8) | ord(c)
return x
# extract multibyte integer in Intel format (big endian)
def s2n_intel(str):
x=0
y=0L
for c in str:
x=x | (ord(c) << y)
y=y+8
return x
# ratio object that eventually will be able to reduce itself to lowest
# common denominator for printing
def gcd(a, b):
if b == 0:
return a
else:
return gcd(b, a % b)
class Ratio:
def __init__(self, num, den):
self.num=num
self.den=den
def __repr__(self):
self.reduce()
if self.den == 1:
return str(self.num)
return '%d/%d' % (self.num, self.den)
def reduce(self):
div=gcd(self.num, self.den)
if div > 1:
self.num=self.num/div
self.den=self.den/div
# for ease of dealing with tags
class IFD_Tag:
def __init__(self, printable, tag, field_type, values, field_offset,
field_length):
# printable version of data
self.printable=printable
# tag ID number
self.tag=tag
# field type as index into FIELD_TYPES
self.field_type=field_type
# offset of start of field in bytes from beginning of IFD
self.field_offset=field_offset
# length of data field in bytes
self.field_length=field_length
# either a string or array of data items
self.values=values
def __str__(self):
return self.printable
def __repr__(self):
return '(0x%04X) %s=%s @ %d' % (self.tag,
FIELD_TYPES[self.field_type][2],
self.printable,
self.field_offset)
# class that handles an EXIF header
class EXIF_header:
def __init__(self, file, endian, offset, debug=0):
self.file=file
self.endian=endian
self.offset=offset
self.debug=debug
self.tags={}
# convert slice to integer, based on sign and endian flags
def s2n(self, offset, length, signed=0):
self.file.seek(self.offset+offset)
slice=self.file.read(length)
if self.endian == 'I':
val=s2n_intel(slice)
else:
val=s2n_motorola(slice)
# Sign extension ?
if signed:
#msb=1 << (8*length-1)
#if val & msb:
# val=val-(msb << 1)
pass
return val
# convert offset to string
def n2s(self, offset, length):
s=''
for i in range(length):
if self.endian == 'I':
s=s+chr(offset & 0xFF)
else:
s=chr(offset & 0xFF)+s
offset=offset >> 8
return s
# return first IFD
def first_IFD(self):
return self.s2n(4, 4)
# return pointer to next IFD
def next_IFD(self, ifd):
entries=self.s2n(ifd, 2)
return self.s2n(ifd+2+12*entries, 4)
# return list of IFDs in header
def list_IFDs(self):
i=self.first_IFD()
a=[]
while i:
a.append(i)
i=self.next_IFD(i)
return a
# return list of entries in this IFD
def dump_IFD(self, ifd, ifd_name, dict=EXIF_TAGS):
entries=self.s2n(ifd, 2)
for i in range(entries):
entry=ifd+2+12*i
tag=self.s2n(entry, 2)
field_type=self.s2n(entry+2, 2)
if not 0 < field_type < len(FIELD_TYPES):
# unknown field type
raise ValueError, \
'unknown type %d in tag 0x%04X' % (field_type, tag)
typelen=FIELD_TYPES[field_type][0]
count=self.s2n(entry+4, 4)
offset=entry+8
if count*typelen > 4:
# not the value, it's a pointer to the value
offset=self.s2n(offset, 4)
field_offset=offset
if field_type == 2:
# special case: null-terminated ASCII string
if count != 0:
self.file.seek(self.offset+offset)
values=self.file.read(count).strip().replace('\x00','')
else:
values=''
else:
values=[]
signed=(field_type in [6, 8, 9, 10])
for j in range(count):
if field_type in (5, 10):
# a ratio
value_j=Ratio(self.s2n(offset, 4, signed),
self.s2n(offset+4, 4, signed))
else:
value_j=self.s2n(offset, typelen, signed)
values.append(value_j)
offset=offset+typelen
# now "values" is either a string or an array
if count == 1 and field_type != 2:
printable=str(values[0])
else:
printable=str(values)
# figure out tag name
tag_entry=dict.get(tag)
if tag_entry:
tag_name=tag_entry[0]
if len(tag_entry) != 1:
# optional 2nd tag element is present
if callable(tag_entry[1]):
# call mapping function
printable=tag_entry[1](values)
else:
printable=''
for i in values:
# use LUT for this tag
printable+=tag_entry[1].get(i, repr(i))
else:
tag_name='Tag 0x%04X' % tag
self.tags[ifd_name+' '+tag_name]=IFD_Tag(printable, tag,
field_type,
values, field_offset,
count*typelen)
if self.debug:
print ' %s: %s' % (tag_name,
repr(self.tags[ifd_name+' '+tag_name]))
# extract uncompressed TIFF thumbnail (like pulling teeth)
# we take advantage of the pre-existing layout in the thumbnail IFD as
# much as possible
def extract_TIFF_thumbnail(self, thumb_ifd):
entries=self.s2n(thumb_ifd, 2)
# this is header plus offset to IFD ...
if self.endian == 'M':
tiff='MM\x00*\x00\x00\x00\x08'
else:
tiff='II*\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00'
# ... plus thumbnail IFD data plus a null "next IFD" pointer
self.file.seek(self.offset+thumb_ifd)
tiff+=self.file.read(entries*12+2)+'\x00\x00\x00\x00'
# fix up large value offset pointers into data area
for i in range(entries):
entry=thumb_ifd+2+12*i
tag=self.s2n(entry, 2)
field_type=self.s2n(entry+2, 2)
typelen=FIELD_TYPES[field_type][0]
count=self.s2n(entry+4, 4)
oldoff=self.s2n(entry+8, 4)
# start of the 4-byte pointer area in entry
ptr=i*12+18
# remember strip offsets location
if tag == 0x0111:
strip_off=ptr
strip_len=count*typelen
# is it in the data area?
if count*typelen > 4:
# update offset pointer (nasty "strings are immutable" crap)
# should be able to say "tiff[ptr:ptr+4]=newoff"
newoff=len(tiff)
tiff=tiff[:ptr]+self.n2s(newoff, 4)+tiff[ptr+4:]
# remember strip offsets location
if tag == 0x0111:
strip_off=newoff
strip_len=4
# get original data and store it
self.file.seek(self.offset+oldoff)
tiff+=self.file.read(count*typelen)
# add pixel strips and update strip offset info
old_offsets=self.tags['Thumbnail StripOffsets'].values
old_counts=self.tags['Thumbnail StripByteCounts'].values
for i in range(len(old_offsets)):
# update offset pointer (more nasty "strings are immutable" crap)
offset=self.n2s(len(tiff), strip_len)
tiff=tiff[:strip_off]+offset+tiff[strip_off+strip_len:]
strip_off+=strip_len
# add pixel strip to end
self.file.seek(self.offset+old_offsets[i])
tiff+=self.file.read(old_counts[i])
self.tags['TIFFThumbnail']=tiff
# decode all the camera-specific MakerNote formats
def decode_maker_note(self):
note=self.tags['EXIF MakerNote']
make=self.tags['Image Make'].printable
model=self.tags['Image Model'].printable
# Nikon
if make == 'NIKON':
if note.values[0:5] == [78, 105, 107, 111, 110]: # "Nikon"
# older model
self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset+8, 'MakerNote',
dict=MAKERNOTE_NIKON_OLDER_TAGS)
else:
# newer model (E99x or D1)
self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset, 'MakerNote',
dict=MAKERNOTE_NIKON_NEWER_TAGS)
return
# Olympus
if make[:7] == 'OLYMPUS':
self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset+8, 'MakerNote',
dict=MAKERNOTE_OLYMPUS_TAGS)
return
# Casio
if make == 'Casio':
self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset, 'MakerNote',
dict=MAKERNOTE_CASIO_TAGS)
return
# Fujifilm
if make == 'FUJIFILM':
# bug: everything else is "Motorola" endian, but the MakerNote
# is "Intel" endian
endian=self.endian
self.endian='I'
# bug: IFD offsets are from beginning of MakerNote, not
# beginning of file header
offset=self.offset
self.offset+=note.field_offset
# process note with bogus values (note is actually at offset 12)
self.dump_IFD(12, 'MakerNote', dict=MAKERNOTE_FUJIFILM_TAGS)
# reset to correct values
self.endian=endian
self.offset=offset
return
# Canon
if make == 'Canon':
self.dump_IFD(note.field_offset, 'MakerNote',
dict=MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAGS)
for i in (('MakerNote Tag 0x0001', MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAG_0x001),
('MakerNote Tag 0x0004', MAKERNOTE_CANON_TAG_0x004)):
self.canon_decode_tag(self.tags[i[0]].values, i[1])
return
# decode Canon MakerNote tag based on offset within tag
# see http://www.burren.cx/david/canon.html by David Burren
def canon_decode_tag(self, value, dict):
for i in range(1, len(value)):
x=dict.get(i, ('Unknown', ))
if self.debug:
print i, x
name=x[0]
if len(x) > 1:
val=x[1].get(value[i], 'Unknown')
else:
val=value[i]
# it's not a real IFD Tag but we fake one to make everybody
# happy. this will have a "proprietary" type
self.tags['MakerNote '+name]=IFD_Tag(str(val), None, 0, None,
None, None)
# process an image file (expects an open file object)
# this is the function that has to deal with all the arbitrary nasty bits
# of the EXIF standard
def process_file(file, debug=0):
# determine whether it's a JPEG or TIFF
data=file.read(12)
if data[0:4] in ['II*\x00', 'MM\x00*']:
# it's a TIFF file
file.seek(0)
endian=file.read(1)
file.read(1)
offset=0
elif data[0:2] == '\xFF\xD8':
# it's a JPEG file
# skip JFIF style header(s)
while data[2] == '\xFF' and data[6:10] in ('JFIF', 'JFXX', 'OLYM'):
length=ord(data[4])*256+ord(data[5])
file.read(length-8)
# fake an EXIF beginning of file
data='\xFF\x00'+file.read(10)
if data[2] == '\xFF' and data[6:10] == 'Exif':
# detected EXIF header
offset=file.tell()
endian=file.read(1)
else:
# no EXIF information
return {}
else:
# file format not recognized
return {}
# deal with the EXIF info we found
if debug:
print {'I': 'Intel', 'M': 'Motorola'}[endian], 'format'
hdr=EXIF_header(file, endian, offset, debug)
ifd_list=hdr.list_IFDs()
ctr=0
for i in ifd_list:
if ctr == 0:
IFD_name='Image'
elif ctr == 1:
IFD_name='Thumbnail'
thumb_ifd=i
else:
IFD_name='IFD %d' % ctr
if debug:
print ' IFD %d (%s) at offset %d:' % (ctr, IFD_name, i)
hdr.dump_IFD(i, IFD_name)
# EXIF IFD
exif_off=hdr.tags.get(IFD_name+' ExifOffset')
if exif_off:
if debug:
print ' EXIF SubIFD at offset %d:' % exif_off.values[0]
hdr.dump_IFD(exif_off.values[0], 'EXIF')
# Interoperability IFD contained in EXIF IFD
intr_off=hdr.tags.get('EXIF SubIFD InteroperabilityOffset')
if intr_off:
if debug:
print ' EXIF Interoperability SubSubIFD at offset %d:' \
% intr_off.values[0]
hdr.dump_IFD(intr_off.values[0], 'EXIF Interoperability',
dict=INTR_TAGS)
# GPS IFD
gps_off=hdr.tags.get(IFD_name+' GPSInfo')
if gps_off:
if debug:
print ' GPS SubIFD at offset %d:' % gps_off.values[0]
hdr.dump_IFD(gps_off.values[0], 'GPS', dict=GPS_TAGS)
ctr+=1
# extract uncompressed TIFF thumbnail
thumb=hdr.tags.get('Thumbnail Compression')
if thumb and thumb.printable == 'Uncompressed TIFF':
hdr.extract_TIFF_thumbnail(thumb_ifd)
# JPEG thumbnail (thankfully the JPEG data is stored as a unit)
thumb_off=hdr.tags.get('Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormat')
if thumb_off:
file.seek(offset+thumb_off.values[0])
size=hdr.tags['Thumbnail JPEGInterchangeFormatLength'].values[0]
hdr.tags['JPEGThumbnail']=file.read(size)
# deal with MakerNote contained in EXIF IFD
if hdr.tags.has_key('EXIF MakerNote'):
hdr.decode_maker_note()
# Sometimes in a TIFF file, a JPEG thumbnail is hidden in the MakerNote
# since it's not allowed in a uncompressed TIFF IFD
if not hdr.tags.has_key('JPEGThumbnail'):
thumb_off=hdr.tags.get('MakerNote JPEGThumbnail')
if thumb_off:
file.seek(offset+thumb_off.values[0])
hdr.tags['JPEGThumbnail']=file.read(thumb_off.field_length)
return hdr.tags
# library test/debug function (dump given files)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
print 'Usage: %s files...\n' % sys.argv[0]
sys.exit(0)
for filename in sys.argv[1:]:
try:
file=open(filename, 'rb')
except:
print filename, 'unreadable'
print
continue
print filename+':'
# data=process_file(file, 1) # with debug info
data=process_file(file)
if not data:
print 'No EXIF information found'
continue
x=data.keys()
x.sort()
for i in x:
if i in ('JPEGThumbnail', 'TIFFThumbnail'):
continue
try:
print ' %s (%s): %s' % \
(i, FIELD_TYPES[data[i].field_type][2], data[i].printable)
except:
print 'error', i, '"', data[i], '"'
if data.has_key('JPEGThumbnail'):
print 'File has JPEG thumbnail'
print
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